Friday 18 January 2013
Computer Science
- Computer Science :
In its general sense, Computer Science (CS) is the study of computation and information processing, both in hardware and software. In practice Computer Science includes a variety of of topics relating Computers, which range from abstract analysis of algorithmic to more concrete subjects like Progrmming languages, Software and Computer hardware. As a scientific discipline, it differs significantly from Mathematics, Programming, Software Engineering, and Computer Engineering, although these fields are often confused.
Computer Hardware:
Hardware is a comprehensive term for all of physical parts of a computer, as distinguished from the data it contains or operates on, and the software that provides the instructions for hardware to accomplish tasks. The boundary between hardware and software is slightly blurry _ firmware is software that is "built in" to the hardware but such film_ware is usually the province of computer programmers and computer engineers in any case and not an issue that computer users need to concern themselves with.
A typical computers contains in a desktop or tower case the following parts :
Application Software, on the other hand used to accomplish specific asks other than just running the computer system.
- Mother board
- which holds the CPU and other parts, and has slots for expansion cards.
- Power supply
- that holds a transformer, voltage contol and fan.
- Storage Controllers of IDE,SCSI
- that control Hard disk, Floppy disk, CD Rom, and oher drives: controllers sit directly on Mother Board or on expansion card.
- Graphics controller
- that produces the output for the monitor.
- The Hard disk, Floppy disk and other drives for mass storage.
- Interface Controllers
- (parallel, series, USB, Firewire) to connect the computer to external peripheral devices such as printers of scanners.
Computer Software :
- System Software that provides the basic non task specific fucntions of the computer.
- Application Software used to accomplish specific user oriented tasks.
System Software :
System Software is responsible for controlling, integrating and managing the individual hardware components of a computer system so that other software and the users of the system see it as a functional without having to be concerned with the low level details such as a transferring data from memory to disk or rendering text onto display. Generally, a systen software consists of an operating system and some fundamental utilities such as disk formatters, file managers, display managers text editors, user authentication and management tools, and networking and device control software.Application Software :
Application Software may consists of a single program, such as a image viewer : a small collection of programs that work closely together to accomplish a tasks, such as a text processing system : a large collection of related but independent programs and pakages that have a common user interface or shared data format, such as a Microsoft Office, which consist of closely integrated word processor, spread sheet, data base, etc : or a software system, such as a database management system, which is a collection of fundamental programs that may provide some service to a variety of other independent applications.
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Author: Tayyub Nawaz
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